From Bulb and Blossom Garden Club
There are several tests that will tell you a lot about the health and condition of your garden soil. The first test measures how fast water absorbs into the soil. Watering methods should be consistent with the soils ability to absorb. To find out how fast your garden soil absorbs water, use a coffee can with both the top and bottom removed. Push the can into the soil until about three inches is above ground. Pour water into the portion of the can that is above ground and mark where the water line is. Then note how fast the water is absorbed. Water absorbed within 10 minutes is considered rapid absorption, within 100 minutes is moderate, and water absorbed in 2 plus hours is slow. For soil that absorbs water slowly, use deep watering technique of less frequent but for longer periods.
Compaction is another health indicator of soil. Compact soil restricts water and nutrition availability and prevents earthworms from moving around plant roots. Stick a wire into the soil and mark the depth where the wire starts to bend. In loose soil a wire will penetrate soil by at least a foot before bending.
Healthy soil also has rounded chunks that with slight pressure, will still retain their shape. To test the soil, dig (in damp soil) a 6–10-inch soup can size section then break it apart. If the chunks of soil are hard to break apart the soil is compact. Water and nutrients will have a more difficult time moving around plant roots.
Earthworms aerate soil and allow better circulation of water and nutrients. They eat organic matter and leave behind secretions that improve soil condition by adding organic matter, good bacteria, plant nutrients and enzymes. Dig a chunk of soil about 6 inches deep and count the worms in the chunk. Three worms indicate good soil, 5 is excellent.
Healthy soil is full of animal life. To test for animal life, dig a hole at least 6 inches deep. Watch the inside of the hole for about 4 minutes. Count the number of spiders, beetles and centipedes. Less than 10 of these critters means the soil is low on animal life. A strong population of these critters keeps down pests and disease.
Adding compost on a regular basis is the best way to improve unhealthy garden soil. This can be done by adding mulched grass clippings every time your lawn is mowed, mulched fall leaves, well-composted horse manure, or purchased certified compost to your garden. Healthy soil will attract worms and beneficial insects and help your garden thrive.
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